Skip to content
What Would Stoics Do

Epictetus · c. 50 – c. 135 CE

Discourses 2.20 ¶1 — Epictetus

From “Against the Epicureans and Academics”

Translation by George Long (1877)

Epictetus, Discourses 2.20 ¶1

The propositions which are true and evident are of necessity used even by those who contradict them: and a man might perhaps consider it to be the greatest proof of a thing being evident that it is found to be necessary even for him who denies it to make use of it at the same time. For instance, if a man should deny that there is anything universally true, it is plain that he must make the contradictory negation, that nothing is universally true. What, wretch, do you not admit even this? For what else is this than to affirm that whatever is universally affirmed is false? Again if a man should come forward and say: “Know that there is nothing that can be known, but all things are incapable of sure evidence;” or if another say, “Believe me and you will be the better for it, that a man ought not to believe anything;” or again, if another should say, “Learn from me, man, that it is not possible to learn anything; I tell you this and will teach you, if you choose.” Now in what respect do these differ from those? Whom shall I name? Those who call themselves Academics? “Men, agree [with us] that no man agrees [with another]: believe us that no man believes anybody.”
— Epictetus, Discourses 2.20 ¶1 · tr. George Long (1877)Read in context →

Cite this passage

Epictetus, Discourses 2.20 ¶1, tr. George Long (1877)

https://whatwouldstoicsdo.com/passage/discourses/2.20.1

Epictetus, Discourses (as recorded by Arrian), tr. George Long (1877). Text: Standard Ebooks (CC0). Sources and licences

Read Book II, Chapter 20 in context →

In plain English

AI-written notes

Anyone who denies that anything is certain ends up relying on a certainty in order to say so, which is self-defeating. The argument is that obvious truths are unavoidable even for the people who dispute them.

Older wording

“Academics”
— followers of Plato's school who doubted that certainty is possible

Themes and situations

  • Judgements and impressions

Quote cards

The opening line of this passage as an image, with its citation — for sharing or keeping.