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What Would Stoics Do

Loss, illness and mortality

What would the Stoics do about getting older?

AI-assisted draft — every quote verified against the source text. How we check quotes

AI-assisted introduction

A milestone birthday can bring vanity, grief and a quiet fear of being overlooked all at once. Stoic writing treats age without nostalgia for youth, as nature doing its ordinary work, and asks a sharper question about how the years are used. Each passage below is followed by a short note on what it offers someone at a milestone birthday.

The situation

I turned 50 this year and it’s hit me harder than I expected. I notice the grey hair and the aches, younger colleagues get the attention, and I catch myself feeling invisible. I keep thinking my best years are behind me and wondering what I actually did with them.

Your situation, reframed

AI interpretation

Turning 50 can land harder than you expect, and feeling overlooked, or wondering where the years went, is an understandable response. The Stoic reframe is that ageing is not something going wrong with you but nature continuing its ordinary work, and that the real question is not how many years you have had, but how you use the ones in front of you.

The dichotomy of control

AI interpretation

Yours to act on

  • How you spend the hours and years ahead
  • Looking after your health without fighting every sign of age
  • Whether you measure yourself by your looks or by your character and work
  • What you offer younger colleagues: experience, judgement and generosity

Not yours

  • The passing of time and what it does to your body
  • Grey hair, aches and the other signs of age
  • Who gets noticed at work
  • The years already spent

The Stoics said

Verbatim from the source · full citations

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 3.2

… And so he will see even the real gaping jaws of wild beasts with no less pleasure than those which painters and sculptors show by imitation; and in an old woman and an old man he will be able to see a certain maturity and comeliness; and the attractive loveliness of young persons he will be able to look on with chaste eyes; and many such things will present themselves, not pleasing to every man, but to him only who has become truly familiar with nature and her works.
— Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 3.2 · tr. George Long (1862)Read in context →

Seneca, On the Shortness of Life 7

… You have no grounds, therefore, for supposing that anyone has lived long, because he has wrinkles or grey hairs: such a man has not lived long, but has only been long alive. Why! would you think that a man had voyaged much if a fierce gale had caught him as soon as he left his port, and he had been driven round and round the same place continually by a succession of winds blowing from opposite quarters? such a man has not travelled much, he has only been much tossed about.
— Seneca, On the Shortness of Life 7 · tr. Aubrey Stewart (1889)Read in context →

Epictetus, Fragments 136

… And our body obeys it also both in disease and in health when it (the universe) chooses, both in youth and in age, and when it is passing through the other changes. What is reasonable then and in our power is this, for our judgment not to be the only thing which resists it (the universe): for it is strong and superior, and it has determined better about us by administering (governing) us also together with the whole. And besides, this opposition also is unreasonable and does nothing more than cause us to be tormented uselessly and to fall into pain and sorrow.
— Epictetus, Fragments 136 · tr. George Long (1877)Read in context →

What this means here

AI interpretation

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 3.2

Marcus starts with bread whose crust splits in the oven, figs that gape open when they are fully ripe, and olives whose nearness to overripeness adds to their beauty. None of these is what the baker or grower aimed for, yet they have an appeal of their own because they follow from nature. He then turns the same eye on people: someone who really understands nature can see “a certain maturity and comeliness” in the old. The grey hair you notice is the ripe fig, not a defect.

Translation note: Comeliness means attractiveness, and consequent upon means following as a natural result of something.

Seneca, On the Shortness of Life 7

In this essay Seneca argues that most people do not run short of life; they give it away, hour by hour, to obligations, distractions and other people’s demands. His point about grey hairs cuts both ways. Years alone do not make a full life, which may be what is nagging at you when you ask what you did with yours. But the measure he offers is how you spend your time from now on, and he adds that learning how to live takes a whole lifetime, so you are not late to it.

Translation note: The fasces were the bundle of rods carried before Roman officials as a sign of high office; filched means stolen.

Epictetus, Fragments 136

In this fragment Epictetus places the ageing body alongside the sea, the stars and the seasons: it changes as nature changes it, in youth and in age, in health and in illness. The only thing that can refuse is your judgement, and his point is that the refusal achieves nothing except extra misery. That is not an argument against looking after your health, which is still worth doing. It is an argument against the daily, private quarrel with the mirror.

Translation note: The words in brackets were added by the translator to make the meaning clear; the world here means the universe, or nature as a whole.

Marcus offers a way of seeing age, Seneca a way of measuring a life, and Epictetus a way of ending the quarrel with time. Together they move the question from what you have lost to what you will do. The years behind you were not wasted if they taught you something, and the years ahead are not lesser because they come later.

One action for today

AI interpretation

Remember you will die · memento mori

Use the reckoning Seneca recommends, but point it forwards. Write down how your hours went last week and mark the ones you would gladly spend the same way again. Then pick one thing you have been saving for some vague later date, a skill, a trip or a friendship to renew, and book or arrange the first step this month, remembering that time is the one thing you cannot get back.

A line to carry

“… such a man has not lived long, but has only been long alive.”

— Seneca, On the Shortness of Life 7

Was this helpful?
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  • Finding purpose

    Searching for meaning or purpose? Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius and Seneca on choosing an aim and being useful where you are: verbatim, cited passages.

    Quoting Epictetus · Marcus Aurelius · Seneca

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