Epictetus · c. 50 – c. 135 CE
Discourses 2.17 ¶3 — Epictetus
From “How We Must Adapt Preconceptions to Particular Cases”
Translation by George Long (1877)
Epictetus, Discourses 2.17 ¶3
And why do I now allege this contention with one another and speak of it? If you yourself properly adapt your preconceptions, why are you unhappy, why are you hindered? Let us omit at present the second topic about the pursuits (ὅρμας) and the study of the duties which relate to them. Let us omit also the third topic, which relates to the assents (συγκαταθέσεις): I give up to you these two topics. Let us insist upon the first, which presents an almost obvious demonstration that we do not properly adapt the preconceptions. Do you now desire that which is possible and that which is possible to you? Why then are you hindered? Why are you unhappy? Do you not now try to avoid the unavoidable? Why then do you fall in with anything which you would avoid? Why are you unfortunate? Why, when you desire a thing, does it not happen, and, when you do not desire it, does it happen? For this is the greatest proof of unhappiness and misery: I wish for something, and it does not happen. And what is more wretched than I?
Cite this passage
Epictetus, Discourses 2.17 ¶3, tr. George Long (1877)
https://whatwouldstoicsdo.com/passage/discourses/2.17.3
Epictetus, Discourses (as recorded by Arrian), tr. George Long (1877). Text: Standard Ebooks (CC0). Sources and licences
In plain English
AI-written notesIf you wanted only what is possible and in your power, nothing could block you and nothing would make you miserable. The proof that people have not worked out what to want is that they are constantly frustrated: they wish for things that do not happen and meet things they tried to avoid, which is the very definition of unhappiness.
Older wording
- “preconceptions”
- — the basic natural ideas we have of things such as good and bad
- “assents”
- — your acts of agreeing to an impression
Themes and situations
- Desire and craving
- What is in our control
- Acceptance and fate
- Emotions and the passions
- Judgements and impressions
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